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• 【转】当当网用户maoflager的评论

  作者：含章可贞 发布时间：2021-04-21 21:57:45

  仔细读了几十章，没有注释非常不方便。我是从网上下了其他有注释的电子书来配合读的。

  反正吧，战国策，历代都有人做过笺证。都各说各有理，各有各的理解。

  范老笺证虽然汇集了众家，但没有注释。有些地方感觉只重字词笺证和汇集别家说法，而没有真正理解战国的形势，不大对路。

  读到现在，严重感觉有一篇笺证错了，让那章的整个战国形式全变了。

  不过要做研究的话，范本最全了，还是选他比较好。下面是我严重怀疑笺证错误的那篇

  ---------------------------------------------------------------

  读《东周卷·或为周最谓金投》

  严重怀疑范祥雍老先生的《战国策笺证》这一节注释错误。范本擅自改动原文字词，按照范本的注释，逻辑上根本不通的。我想了半天没有想通是个什么逻辑。感觉是流于字词训诂，而害其意。范本笺证时未理解此篇的列国形势，心中也没有列国地理位置的概念。故而有此误。

  战国策原文：

  或为周最谓金投曰：「秦以周最之齐疑天下，而又知赵之难子齐人战，恐齐、韩之合，必先合于秦。秦、齐合，则公之国虚矣。公不如救齐，因佐秦而伐韩、魏，上党长子赵之有。公东收宝于秦，南取地于韩、魏，因以因徐为之东，则有合矣。」

  范笺证后的原文：

  或为周最谓金投曰：「秦以周最之齐疑天下，而又知赵之难子齐人战，恐齐、赵（原文为“韩”）之合，必先合于齐（原文为“秦”）。秦、齐合，则公之国虚矣。公不如收（原文为“救”）齐，因佐秦而伐韩、魏，上党长子赵之有。公西（原文为“东”）收宝于秦，南取地于韩、魏，因以因徐为之东，则有合矣。」

  看一下当时的列国形势，就可以发现《战国策》该节的原文意思很清楚。当时列国版图为：

  ...|... 赵 ....|燕

  秦|韩|周|魏|齐

  ......楚……

  大致形势是：秦联合遥远的齐国。赵国感到威胁，因此怪罪而对齐国用兵。赵国和齐国当时应该都很强，且为邻国。

  为避免齐国被攻伐，于是，有人对赵国的大臣金投分析说：秦国当初派周最（已为齐国的大臣）出使齐国（应该是“远交近攻”的战略）联合遥远东方的齐国，这种行为让天下人都怀疑，实际上秦的意图在邻国。秦国又知道赵国现在对齐国用兵，赵国很难打赢齐国。况且，一旦齐国感到赵国的威胁，齐就会联合韩国，对赵成掎角之势，对赵国很不利。赵国届时就一定会偏向秦国，与秦国联合。秦国通过外交手段拉拢赵国的目的就达到了。

  可是呢，秦、齐联合起来后，确实对赵国也没有什么好处，赵国实际变弱了。赵国呢，不如不攻打齐国（救者，止也），将计就计趁机倒向秦国，倚仗秦国的声威伐韩、魏，这样，上党、长子就都是赵国的了。如此一来，秦国认为赵国有功，赵国可西收秦国之宝、南取韩魏之地，然后再逐步向东对付齐国。

  这种游说赵国大臣金投的话，实际是缓兵之计，意欲让赵国伐韩、魏，而暂缓攻齐国。

  经范本一笺证，连横合纵的局势全变。且不知所云了。

  二零一零年九月二十五日

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• 对着名著浅浅地唠叨

  作者：小灰烬 发布时间：2012-11-23 04:38:38

  君主制，共和制，资产阶级，社会主义，宗教哲学，革命历史，城市建设，文明发展，儿童妇女，工资福利，自由，平等，人权，民主，法制，言论自由、新闻自由，全民教育、义务教育，宇宙，原子……

  所有这些雨果19世纪提出的主题，让我不止一次深慨西方不愧为现代世界的先进一方。

  很多东西我们是20世纪受到外族侵扰才提上讨论空间，很多东西我们直到今天也做得远远不够。

  那些主题的每一个侧面，雨果都有很工整的论述，许多时候都是正反两方面力图使观点更明晰，论题更客观。以今天的眼光，一个中国读者的眼光，雨果也有他自己的局限性（他的年代他的身份），但总体说，这已经可以称之百科全书式的恢弘巨著，不愧为19世界最伟大的小说。

  在所有引人深思的话语中，那句最简单的话“人人有面包、人人有思想”，我想是人类至今未普及并且会矢志不渝追求的一个理想。

  人物方面，最出色的自然是冉阿让，尤其三次内心斗争的描写实在令人赞叹。

  一是身为刑满释放的苦役犯在主教家里行窃，行窃过程中的思量、被主教宽恕时的惊骇、小杰尔卫事件后彻底地悔悟与感化；

  二是作为马德兰市长遇到尚马秋事件后那彻夜的挣扎，长篇幅描写冉阿让那激烈的内心角逐，精彩程度令人击节；

  三是他对马吕斯的恨与对珂赛特的爱在矛盾痛苦中走向自我救赎或说自我毁灭。

  这个因一个面包而悲惨一生的人，如此坎坷如此崇高，他出现的地方总是紧紧抓住人心，就像注视着冉阿让爬上奥里翁号舰桅杆救人的那些群众一样，心悬一线，他伴随秘密和危险的一生，我们也是紧紧注视着，担忧着。

  警探沙威是冉阿让的宿敌，前半程他一直对自己的信仰深信不疑，是个彻头彻尾的政府机器，对冉阿让极尽绞索般地追捕，就算在穷凶极恶的盗贼中也是令人闻风丧胆的存在，他就像没有感情般机械地工作，而这机械工作便是他生活的全部。当他开始怀疑自己的信仰、自己的行动，当他为之奉献的一切开始动摇，他的生存意义开始模糊……那晚，他再也无法面对自己，固若金汤的条框在脑中坍落，化为泡沫，冰山消融的声音仿佛清晰可闻……这是一个人崩溃的形貌，这崩溃源于社会不合理的构成，他在看似有利的位置实际已经是被驯化的零件，冰冷无机质，可以说剥离人心失去人性，他的判断是被不合理的社会教化的判断，他的所为是本身就存在弊端的机器的所为，一个出了问题的机器上最优秀的零件也必然会随着出问题的方向使力——比如他对冉阿让的穷追不舍（当然不仅是沙威，机器的其他零件也一样，那些听到马德兰坦白的法官们，无一例外地只认同苦役犯的标签，没人考量过“马德兰”的的贡献），比如他对芳汀的冷酷无情……他就是一个出色零件，一个几乎失去灵魂的被害者；当“自我”这种不被鼓励的感情升起之时，那颗零件便坏了，因为他再也无法与机器的齿轮相咬合。

  芳汀在我印象中是全书最美的女人，灿若朝阳的金发，优雅矜持的动作，在放浪的青年集体中仍不失高贵的心灵，他们逢场作戏随波逐流，她却不合时宜地相信爱情。第一个错误大概因为她是女人，所以注定了被玩弄的命运，留下一个孩子；第二个错误则是贫穷，这种贫穷落在一个命运悲惨的女人身上，就是一种罪恶了，使她只能堕落。

  【爱情是一种过失，就算这样吧。芳汀却是浮游在过失上面的天真。】

  这话是对芳汀最合适的注脚。天真是她一切善的表现，是她不落俗尘的优点，但当穷苦把她拖向地面，天真反而害了她。她没有冉阿让那样的后盾，没有马吕斯那样的情人，最终只有乱葬的公墓成为她的归处。

  珂赛特在天真方面几乎是母亲的翻版，但却是截然不同的命运，可见女人的一生多么依凭时运。

  非常喜欢小伽弗洛什。

  【他说着，递给他们每人一块面包。

  他又想到，这个大点儿的似乎更有资格同他交谈，值得另眼看待，应当多吃点儿，于是他克服忧郁的心理，拣了最大的一块面包递给他，又补充一句：“这个，塞进你的枪筒里。”

  他把最小的一块留给自己。

  他们又朝巴士底广场方向走去。

  他们不时碰到有灯光的店铺，那个小的每次都停下，拿起用绳子套在颈子上的铅表，瞧瞧钟点。

  “真是个小活宝。”伽弗洛什说道。

  接着，他若有所思，又喃喃说道：

  “不管怎么说，我若是有孩子，准比这照看得好多了。”】

  亲爱的小伽弗洛什也才不过是个九岁的孩子...QAQ

  还有后面在大象肚子里哄两个小弟的样子，安慰他们不要怕黑，告诉他们夏天一起去码头洗澡、在驳船上跑、去看骨骼人、去剧院看戏……在他口中流浪儿的世界尽可以是欢乐快活，直到最后伸手给那个怕老鼠咬的最小的孩子握住，哄他安心入眠。

  雨果在巴黎流浪儿身上彻底发挥了法式幽默诙谐的天性，将这个惹人心酸落泪的苦难群体注入一种乐天达观的精神，更显其可爱，也就更感悲苦之创痛。看见这精灵般的小人儿遭遇厄运，谁能不心碎呢。他就那样唱着歌儿倒下。

  想说说爱波妮。

  【“您知道吗？马吕斯先生？我让您进那园子，简直捉弄自己，我也太傻了，把那栋房子指给您，可是想来想去，我还是应当明白，像您这样一位青年……”

  她戛然住口，心中无疑还有许多伤心话，都略过去了，她凄然一笑，又说道：

  “您觉得我长得丑，对不对？”

  她接着说下去：

  “您瞧，您保不住命啦！现在，谁也休想从这街垒出去。是我引您来这儿的，哼！您要死了。我就指望这样。可是，我一瞧见有人瞄准您，就赶紧用手堵住枪口。简直太怪啦！…………您还记得吗？有一天，我走进您的房间，还照了您的镜子，还有一天，我在大马路上遇见您，旁边还有不少女工。当时，鸟儿叫得多欢啊！事情过去没有多长时间。您给我五法郎，我对您说：我不要您的钱。那枚银币，您至少拾起来了吧？您不是有钱的主儿。当时我没有想到提醒您一声，把钱拾起来。那天太阳多好，一点也不冷。您还记得吗？马吕斯先生？啊！我真幸福！大家都要死了。”

  她的头又倒在马吕斯双膝上，眼皮儿合上了。马吕斯以为，这颗可怜的灵魂已经离去，他见爱波妮一动不动，以为她长眠了，可是突然，她又慢慢睁开眼睛，露出的却是幽眇深邃的死亡之光，对他说话的温柔声调，也仿佛来自彼界了：

  “喏，还有，马吕斯先生，我觉得我早就有点爱上您了。”

  她又勉强一笑，便溘然长逝。】

  我完全没想到，珂赛特和爱波妮，与我本来期待的恰好相反。期待珂赛特会长成美丽的、灵慧的姑娘，而爱波妮，受她那卑鄙愚蠢爹娘的熏陶可能是个可憎的姑娘。

  结果呢，珂赛特的确变美了，但一点也不见得灵慧。她成长在冉阿让的羽翼下，却只是表面般地关心冉阿让，那些秘密冉阿让不告诉她，但她就一点也不能更体贴他吗？

  比起符号般、木偶般的珂赛特，爱波妮更像一个灵魂丰富的人。她无法接受教育，在恶劣的环境中的成长，却没有被污泥拽如深渊，也许是对马吕斯的爱慕在某种程度上教化了她，总之她没有隐没在黑暗中。爱情使人盲目，但也使人洁身自爱，她笨拙地接近马吕斯，试图引起对方注意，又在不自觉中唤回了遗落的自尊——她敏感地洞察马吕斯对珂赛特的感情，她为自己的卑屈痛苦（这是显而易见的）。爱波妮原本是个漂亮姑娘，但她也像芳汀一样无法掌握自己的命运，只能成长在鼠窝。如同当年那个梦幻般的布娃娃，珂赛特因为遇到冉阿让，拥有娃娃也就变得理所当然，爱波妮没有那样的时运，也就得不到想要的娃娃，正如后来无法拥有马吕斯。

  她第一次走进马吕斯的房间时明显缺乏教养，冒昧的动作、翻面包吃都体现她的粗野，她注意这个英俊的青年很久了，但她此时唯一能做的是出于本能般进他房间前脱掉斗篷；后来她看到美丽的珂赛特，察觉马吕斯的注意力全在珂赛特身上，少女的自尊几乎被环境毁了，可这时又本能地燃起来，她不再说黑话，想方设法让马吕斯开心，为他提供了珂赛特的住址……她能做的只有这些了，就这么一点儿接近他的方法。被损毁的自尊中萌芽的卑微爱慕，爱波妮还能怎么办呢…连爱慕都只能悄悄潜行在黑暗角落。云雀场她遇到他那天，为了让他开心，她说了那个住址，看到他开心她就也笑起来——那画面打动我很久，带点悲戚残酷，这姑娘为心上人的快乐而使他能去见恋人，为了他的笑容她根本也不考虑自己了，那一刻她在阳光灿烂下的笑一定很美，只是让旁观者无限悲凉。那天马吕斯为酬谢她给她五法郎，爱波妮的笑容在那一刻消失了，丢下钱走掉。她默默守护着自己无法立足的爱意，一次次注视马吕斯前去幽会，甚至在对方幽会时不顾一切地阻止了德纳第一伙恶徒洗劫庄园的企图。

  伽弗洛什是巴黎流浪儿的代表，他像精灵，爱波妮也是险恶人世飘零的一朵花，她混迹阴暗处，也就不缺乏机智与勇气，她为了没有回报的爱，献出自己的一切。在这被扭曲的人生中绽出的饱含苦涩的爱，如此生动。

  马吕斯与珂赛特，天生一对。我是说，这是两个没什么原则的人。

  起初小说行至“双星会”，看着一对儿佳人相遇相爱，那种可爱在这严肃的小说中难得一见，让人觉得很开心。不过后来逐渐了解两人性格，就怎么都喜欢不起来了。最后更是讨厌这两个“天使”。

  马吕斯跟ABC朋友会相识，却完全不是一路人，他们都代表进步青年，也许ABC朋友会的理念太乌托邦、太稚嫩，至少他们信念坚定，总不失可敬、可爱；马吕斯从保王派到拿破仑民主派，都是来自家庭影响，最后被更进一步的ABC朋友会打击，自此他信仰什么呢？自此他谈起了恋爱。连去街垒也是由于爱情幻灭想自杀…这个有志青年到底志在何方？他瞧不起外祖父陈旧的观念，但他进步吗？他信仰民主、自由吗？他照样瞧不起穷苦姑娘的爱波妮，照样厌恶“苦役犯”的冉阿让！最后对待冉阿让的态度简直可耻！！！雨果安排德纳第最后出现纠正了马吕斯的错误，促使他带着珂赛特跑去将死的冉阿让身边哭哭啼啼……冉阿让也许安慰了，我可无法原谅。马吕斯甚至都让我感到虚伪！他对“苦役犯”避之不及，如果他爱珂赛特，如果他是个有能力的人，他就不能彻查冉阿让的底细吗？但是他害怕、逃避，睁只眼闭只眼，畏缩怯懦！最后德纳第送上门来给他一个理由解脱，啊，原来这是一个彻彻底底的好人，而且是我的救命恩人！这会儿他有理可依了，他看到冉阿让身上的光环了，于是理直气壮地去接近光环也就无可指责。何等自私。他只有在确定自己荣誉无损、有了冠冕堂皇的依凭后，才能当个善良人。越看我就越不知道这家伙哪里优秀。戈尔博老屋“白先生”被威胁事件，他整个儿就蠢到家，的确，他被父亲的遗言弄得左右为难，后来见到珂赛特又因为爱情的盲目看不到周围情况（←雨果给的这个理由我接受得实在很勉强..）但不可否认的是这些事都只证明了他的平庸愚蠢。他爱上光鲜亮丽的珂赛特没有错，可对待爱波妮也太差劲，就连可怜的姑娘刚死去，他便马上开始看珂赛特的信……没错，他离开爱波妮身边看的信，出于对爱波妮的尊重，可是，正常人眼看救了自己命的人因此而死，难道不会更多一点震动吗？他连怜悯，都只有那么一丁点儿。简直就是过河拆桥[划去]的狗东西[划去]！！！他都忘了是谁让他能去普吕梅街会情人，谁给他牵线搭桥，他也永远不会知道是谁在他幽会时救了他和珂赛特。就是说事实上，对于保护他、救了他的人，无论是爱波妮还是冉阿让，马吕斯通通都只是以残忍来回报了。这个“善良优秀”的青年。

  再来看珂赛特。她对自己的身世没什么好奇，对冉阿让历尽危险为她创造的天堂接受得理所当然，一旦陷入爱情对父亲的忧虑视而不见（所以我说这丫头狼心狗肺得很，没错她不知道内情，她沉溺于爱恋，她有很多理由在热恋中把马吕斯排在首位，可但凡聪慧点长点儿心的姑娘，即使再无知、再沉溺恋爱，也不会对自己敬爱的父亲发生什么变化毫无察觉），她木然得就像一个木偶，这一点也体现在结婚后，她任凭马吕斯摆布，疏远自己的父亲。雨果纵然给她的行为修饰再多理由再多借口，也无法掩饰珂赛特缺乏思想毫无机敏聪慧的木壳儿脑袋。

  所以他们真是天作之合，都拥有美丽的外形，都缺乏伟大的人格，都有那么点儿伪善，而且两人几乎做了一模一样的事：把给予自己一生中最大恩惠的人伤到心碎。

  一个也许有点离题的探讨：如果德纳第客栈没有倒闭，爱波妮过着小康生活，珂赛特依然可怜地做着小佣人……马吕斯遇见她们，会爱哪一个？美丽又有个性的爱波妮，我不肯定马吕斯会不会爱上，但他决不会多留意穷苦的珂赛特一眼。

  显而易见相爱之后尽可以说好听话，马吕斯使劲儿表示他爱珂赛特就是爱她的灵魂，那封情书大片大片都是对灵魂的爱，这种行为也算人之常情无可厚非，虽然男人一般说爱灵魂什么的基本上只是惯常一种谎言。不否认有爱灵魂的男人，可马吕斯不在其中，也许他确实单纯，可他也确实在珂赛特还是“黑小姐”即丑姑娘时没多瞧过一眼。珂赛特变成小美人儿了，他才一见钟情，然后连一次交谈都没有过的前提下，他给她写了那封爱她灵魂的情书。19世纪这事儿可能确实单纯又浪漫。只不过我们今天再看觉得又虚假又可笑。

  不得不再提起冉阿让，以上讨论足以说明马吕斯对珂赛特的爱是有附加条件的：美貌，出身；而冉阿让对珂赛特的爱，才是一种完全的纯粹。书中其实对冉阿让的爱已经写的很详细了，他因这份爱变得完整，为这份爱而活，失去这份爱又几乎跌落地狱。可能19世纪会被认为这爱有悖伦常，但我们以超越了一百多年时光的眼光来看，这爱是纯粹无暇的，任何一个站在珂赛特位置的姑娘如果有选择的机会，都会选择冉阿让而非软弱无能的马吕斯。

  【弗伊是制扇子工人，自幼父母双亡，每天干活勉强挣三法郎，却只有一个念头：解放全世界。】

  看完关于弗伊的整段叙述，我在想这个青年以“解放全世界”为理想正是源于他学习、他了解世界上发生的事；而我们曾经那个类似的口号“解放全人类”恰恰是被蒙蔽住双眼就那样盲目地喊起来。

  创造了财富而分配不当【就必然导致两个极端：极富和极穷。国家权力建立在个人穷困上，国家强大扎根于个人痛苦中，这种形势既虚假又危险。强大，但是结构很糟，全是物质因素，毫无精神因素。】

  这段话，尤其最后一句，可以说依然犀利地抽在当今中国的背上。

  【他们怒气冲天宣布人权，不惜引起惊抖和恐怖，也要逼使人类登上天堂。他们貌似蛮人，实则是人类的救星。他们戴着黑夜的面具要求光明。】

  其实整部书都落笔于“人”，宣扬人权之正义、之伟大。冉阿让的苦难、芳汀的苦难、沙威的苦难、马伯夫的苦难、爱波妮的苦难、小伽弗洛什的苦难……等等等等，无论男人或女人，老人或儿童，苦役犯或政府公务员，一切人的悲惨都源于社会的不公正，是这种人权无处可寻的罪恶机制造成了整个社会的悲惨群像。

  雨果代表西方，在19世纪将这现象描绘得细致入微，掷地有声地探讨起我们（天朝）近来才逐渐喧哗的问题。几乎一百多年的差距。

  诚然，过分重视人权到偏执的地步，也是如今西方面临的问题。人类发展就是在不断遇到阻碍中进步的。有时我们也会笑他们所谓人权的虚伪性或荒唐之处，但我想这只是因为人类整体都没有发展出某个完美的体制，可以让合理的法则有效运行。所以错不在人权的普及，如果有人因偏差而犯错，什么都没有做的人又有什么资格笑呢。即使流血、即使牺牲、即使野蛮，也要争取人权，争取进步。“戴着黑夜的面具要求光明”。他们依然远远在我们前面，但探索出完美方案的途径，是大家一致的目标。

  【而从我们所指出的角度看，会招致一个福建农民耸肩嘲笑。】

  这句真是把我读笑了。别说19世纪了，21世纪天朝的农民也不习惯耸肩啊www

  雨果挺多次提到中国的，还提到一次西藏，后面还有次说到北京布料...那时候当他们这样在小说中谈到中国，我们还完全不屑于了解西方，满清还沉醉在帝国的黄昏中。

  【下水道，就是城市的良心】

  上次北京暴雨，全国一片声讨下水道、问责“有关部门”，也不知讨论完有没有什么行动。

  书中前面谈自由谈平等，谈政体谈宗教，谈革命谈进步，谈教育谈人权，谈黑话文学，现在又谈到下水道……雨果在每一声对社会黑暗的探讨中，又赋予了热情的法兰西赞歌，那么多的社会流弊，但法兰西在进步，在引领进步。

  既然我们现在明显是走西方的进步之路，那他们经历的弊端为什么我们不去避免而是视而不见偏要重蹈一遍糟粕呢？

  小说背景宏大，人物众多，历史事件的描写、各种思想的交锋及其佳句名篇读来都不禁感叹雨果深厚的底蕴。暂且零零散散写这一点粗浅的感想…

  对了，还有一点关于马吕斯的头发，出场的时候明明是黑发，几次描写都是乌黑的头发，结果后来怎么成金发了？街垒受伤回家修养那里，几次又成了黄色头发。这是雨果的纰漏吗？

  此外，这版翻译有点问题，几处翻译都出现前后不一致的情况，比如若望•普鲁维尔在下册中时而“若望”时而“约翰”，虽然译者只写了李玉民一个人，但真就他一个吗？太值得怀疑了，如果自始至终就他一个，出现这种前后不一致的情况算什么...脑子短路？还有就是“奥利翁战舰”，在文中是奥利翁战舰，但在目录上是洛里翁战舰。不过除了目录，正文中还算一致，所以比起变换不停傻傻分不清楚的若望、约翰来，战舰好多了。

  另外比较难忍受的是下册书错别字激增现象，对于纠错强迫症的我来说，简直就是边看书边拿笔纠错...这书当时的校对人员没领工资吗？

  ***********************************************

  严肃之中我都不好意思提了，安灼拉和格朗太尔……每逢读到他们，我就有种看BL的愉悦orz（跪求雨果原谅……

  真的就……无可救药地萌啊/////

  安灼拉无疑是全书最美的男子。将他比喻成的那个希腊美少年，一看注释竟然还是皇帝的宠儿orz 这喻体本身就太惹人联想了吧！

  这样的金发美人，孤高凛然，又不近女色……迷恋着他的格朗太尔……“我信仰你”什么的，在耳边说“放心吧”什么的，温柔的眼神什么的，共赴黄泉什么的……大手啊！文豪！///

  新电影下月美国上映，不知国内会不会引进。没看电影之前，我只想说那导演不是我茶，《国王的演讲》就很讨厌。再者，一想到英式的矜持内敛就怎么也跟雨果笔下最法兰西的精神融合不起来…对电影能表达多少原著内涵、表达到什么程度，我是深深怀疑的…

  也就是说并非很期待。

  那么在不期待内涵的前提下，我就只关心影片会不会有ABC朋友会的戏了..说白了就是安灼拉和格朗太尔会不会出现..

  展开

• 请叫我标题废人

  作者：琥珀小y 发布时间：2011-05-05 10:07:32

  爱！超爱！大爱！

  做为一个忠实的周喜党这两本简直是福音啊！！虽然也会看得纠结：不认为小周是喜欢阮莹也不认为阮莹喜欢小周，那小喜到底在纠结什么呢呢呢？另外，吴部长您到底存的什么心思我真的是不懂啊不懂。

  这么说来反而是伪·反派（这漫画里有这种角色么……）的杨部长，冷冷地在一旁看着偶尔讥讽讥讽的但想要什么大家都油烟就清楚。╮(╯_╰)╭

  总之我继续爱小喜啦啦啦~

  肥仔每每看完递面纸的行径真是好玩哈哈~为什么总觉得他其实是对一切了解最清的人？

  展开

• 手动补充Week 47-52 的单词，供大家参考使用

  作者：太阳的蓝 发布时间：2022-05-06 10:43:34

  买这本书时还配套了一盒flashcards。flashcards 里除了个别单词和书里有出入之外，基本上可以和书配套使用，提供单词英文的词义和例句。神奇的是，书里练习只有46周的单词，但flashcards 有52周的单词。我这里手动补充，供大家参考使用。

  【Week 47】

  impregnable:

  incapable of being entered

  e.g.: A company of marines was unable to prenetrate the seeminly impregnable fortress.

  patriarch:

  elder

  e.g.: Grandfather is the recognized patriarch of our family.

  extenuating:

  excusable

  e.g.: Robert's defense lawyer pointed out the extenuating conidtions of the case.

  emanating:

  coming from

  e.g.: The rulings emanating from the local court were cheered by the conservatives.

  protocol:

  forms of ceremony

  e.g.: Failing to follow protocol got Sophia into trouble at the office.

  knell:

  sound of a bell

  e.g.: When the knell sounded, the students closed their books and their minds.

  ramifications:

  complications

  e.g.: Heidi was concerned about the ramifications of her employer's new policy.

  insurgent:

  rebellious

  e.g.: Additional troops were dispatched to deal with the insurgent threat.

  risible:

  laughable

  e.g.: What Harry felt was risible, Sally thought was pathetick.

  specious:

  deceptively attractive

  e.g.: In debating, specious arguments are rarely effective.

  neophyte

  : beginner

  e.g.: Although Sarah was skillful at math, she was a neophyte at computers.

  toxic:

  harmful

  e.g.: Coal miners are often subject to toxic fumes

  forebodings:

  premonitions, evil omens

  e.g.: Caesar's wife had forebodings about danger facing her husband.

  miscreant:

  one who behave badly

  e.g.: The class miscreant was made to remain after school.

  circuitous:

  roundabout

  e.g.: Cindy took a circuitous route home to avoid the class bullies.

  macabre:

  gruesome

  e.g.: Some critics were unhappy about the bloody, macabre scenes in the movie.

  rapacious:

  greedy, taking by force

  e.g.: The rapacious dictator used mustard gas against his enemies.

  glut:

  oversupply

  e.g.: Our choir has a glut of tenors and a shortage of sopranos.

  dilatory:

  delaying

  e.g: Umpires do not like pitchers who use dilatory styles.

  denouement:

  outcome

  e.g.: The play's denouement came with three dead bodies on the stage.

  【Week 48】

  dolorous:

  sad

  We were surprised when Ted's happy expression turned into a dolorous one.

  suffrage:

  right to vote

  The dictator lied when he claimed he favored suffrage from women.

  odious:

  despicable

  Sylvia's odious remarks causeed the audience to turn against her.

  verbatim:

  word for word

  With remarkable talent, the reporter was able to quote speeches verbatim.

  thespian:

  actor

  Yearning to be a thespian, Roger took lessons from a drama coach.

  pathological:

  disordered in behavior

  The defense lawyer admitted that his client was a pathological liar.

  grandeur:

  magnificence

  In history class, we studied the grandeur of Greece and the glory of Rome.

  impasse:

  deadlock

  The impasse was broken when the union agreed to management's offer.

  denigrated:

  defamed

  When her boss denigrated Martha's stenographic ability, she quit.

  mortal:

  leading to death

  The blow to the boxer's jaw turned out to be a mortal one.

  inflicted:

  imposed upon

  The prison guards inflicted torture on some of the inmates.

  guile:

  trickery

  Using guile, the magician pulled the wool over the spectators' eyes.

  regiment:

  a system of control

  Aunt Ethel's mornign regiment called for three cups of coffee.

  polemic:

  controversial argument

  The team captain's polemic led to a fistfight in the locker room.

  articulate:

  well spoken

  Hal was surprisingly articulate for a high school freshman.

  despot:

  tyrant

  When he lost control of the militia, the despot was forced to flee.

  reverie:

  dream

  In her reverie, Ellen saw herself as the next U.S. President.

  enervated:

  worn out

  Enervated by his long walk, Jose took to his bed.

  cabal:

  secret group of plotters

  The members of the revolutinoary cabal were arrested and jailed.

  prescient:

  able to predict

  Claiming to be prescient, the fortune-teller took advantage of the gullible woman.

  【Week 49】

  elite:

  the best or most skilled members of a given social group

  The elite of the city teams vied for the honor of being chosen to travel to C***

  recession:

  the act of withdrawing or going back; a moderate and temporary decline in economic activity

  Economists for a time could not agree on whether the business decline was a recession or a depression.

  careen:

  to cause to lean sideways; to luch or toss from side to side

  We watched the tiny sailbaot careen wildly during the electrical storm.

  oxymoron:

  a figure of speech by which a particular phrasing of words produces an effect

  The oxymoron "make haste slowly" has been a piece of folk wisdom for centuries.

  fallacy:

  an idea or opinion founded on mistaken logic or perception

  Magellan and other explorers dispoved the popular fallacy that the world is flat.

  anachronism:

  anything that is out of place in time

  The author was guilty of an anachronism when he described a frontier family with a washing machine.

  beguile:

  to charm; to divert attention in some pleasant way; to wile away; to deceive

  We often allow ourselves to be beguiled by false hopes and vain promises.

  homeric:

  suggestive of Homer or his poetry; of heroic dimensions; grand; imposing

  Landing on the moon was an achievement of Homeric proportions.

  parochial:

  narrowly restricted; provincial

  The sheltered auhtor was criticized for his parochial outlook.

  altercation:

  a quarrel; an angry or heated dispute

  When the altercation led to violence, the police were called.

  vulpine:

  of, resembling, or characteristic of a fox; cleber, devious, or cunning

  Fables sometimes represent vulpine characters as coming out second best in spite of their cunning.

  bibliophile:

  one who loves books; a book collector

  The bibiliophile's eyes were aglow with his new acquisition, a rare edition of Shakespeare's "The Tempest."

  minatory:

  menacing, threatening

  Our flight attendant assured the obnoxious passenger that he could be arrested for his minatory remarkes.

  vignette:

  an anecdote; a brief literary composition

  Blossom sent a humorous vignette about her kindergarten class to the Reader's Digest, and they published it.

  parllor:

  lack of color; unnatural palenss

  When we saw Miriam exit from the haunted houe, we were frightened by her pallor.

  ecology:

  the science of the relationships between organisms and their environments

  Ecology-minded groups are a new element in society, acting as a brake to the ruthless exploitation and contamination of the world's natural resources.

  sinuous:

  bending; wavy

  Driving along the California coast, we took a sinuous route.

  omniscient:

  having infinite knowledge; knowing all things

  When we are young we pester our parents with questions because we believe they are omniscient.

  illusion:

  a mistaken perception of reality

  What I thought was a ferocious tiger turned out to be an illusion.

  penultimate:

  next to the last

  The penultimate scene of the play had the audience sitting on the edge of their seats.

  【Week 50】

  paranoid:

  showing unreasonable distrust, suspiciou, or an exaggerated sense of one's own importance

  Stanley became paranoid on the subject of his accident, claiming thta the police and the witnesses were conspiring against him.

  magnitude:

  greatness of size or extent; importance or influence

  District Attorney Hogan unveiled the magnitude of the corruption.

  indeterminate:

  having inexact limits; indefinite

  If prisoners are given an indeterminate sentence of 2-20 years, they can be freed early if they behave well in jail.

  askew: on

  one side; crooked

  The emcee's tie was askew but he straightened it just before the show went on the air.

  euphoria:

  a feeling of well-being or high spirits, especially one that is groundless, disproportionate to its cause

  Making the team in his sophomore year put Arnold into a state of euphoria that made it had for him to settle down to his scoolwork.

  guffaw:

  a loud ,coarse burst of laughter

  Mr. Bumble's loud guffaw could be heard above the din of the train station.

  bequest:

  something given by inheritance; a gift specified in a will

  The bequest of $10 million allowed the university to go ahead with its plans for a new library.

  affidavit:

  a written statemnt made on oath, usually before a notary public

  In order to get the job, Maria needed an affidavit testifying to her character.

  totalitarian:

  of or pertaining to a centralized government in which those in control grant neither recognition nor toleration.

  The children suffered under the totalitarian rule of the father in their patriarchal household.

  pantheism:

  the doctrine that the universe conceived of as a whole, is God.

  According to pantheism, there is no God but the combined forces and laws that are manifested in the existing universe.

  regale:

  to entertain by providing a splendid feast; to delight with something pleasing ro amusing

  The purple mountains unfolding in grandeur to meet the rising sun were a sight to regale the eyes.

  waggish:

  roguishly merry; playful

  A waggish disposition is not the best qualification fro the position of class president.

  onus:

  task; burden; responsibility

  The fiery manager of the soccer team accepted the onus for their long losing streak.

  accolade:

  praise or approval; an embrace of greeting or salutation

  In their lavish accolades, the critics havce compared this play with the finest dramas ever written.

  sardonic:

  sarcastic; bitterly sneering

  The movie cameras recorded the actor's sardonic smile as he squeezed the trigger.

  malaise:

  a feeling of discomfort or uneasiness

  The heart attack started with a mild malaise and then graduated to severe chest pains.

  empirical:

  guided by practical experience and not theoretical

  It is safer to be empirical and practical in dleaing with reality.

  aphorism:

  a brief statement of a principle; a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion

  Speeches that string together a list of aphorisms betray a lack of creativity.

  crescendo:

  a gradual increase in the volume or intensity of sound; [n. & v.]

  The natives' chants crescendoed to a piercing frenzy.

  extrovert:

  a person who is active and expressive; a person who is outgoing;

  Following his psychoanalysis, my withrawn, shy brother became an extrovert.

  【Week 51】

  subliminal:

  below the threshold of conscious perception

  The subliminal effect of the rapidly flashed pictures of popcorn was that the audience headed for the refreshment counter

  nemesis:

  agent of retribution; just punishment

  Math is my nemesis, constantly reminding me that I'm not as bright as I think I am.

  tawdry:

  cheap, gaudy, showy

  Marlene's tawdry taste in clothing was an embarrassment to her boyfriend.

  camaraderie:

  comradeship; good fellowship

  The good fellowship award was given to the beauty pageant contestant who contributed most to the camaraderie of all the girls.

  hobnob:

  to associate on very friendly terms

  Juanita's vivaciou temperament allowed her to hobnob with people in all walks of life.

  cornucopia

  : abundance; honr of plenty

  The spnedthrift cannot expect a cornucopia of merchanidse to cater to his fanciful tastes.

  narcissism

  : excessive admiration of oneself; egocentrism

  Some people have such exaggerated opinions of themselves that they border on narcissism.

  lariat:

  lasso; a rope used for tethering grazing horses

  The cowboy star twirled his lariat in television appearances.

  quail:

  to draw back in fear; lose heart or courage; cower

  The lone sailor quailed before the mighty waves roaring toward his flimsy raft.

  circumspect:

  careful; cautious; prudent

  The killer was circumspect about leaving any clues that would tie him to the victim.

  flippant:

  disrespectful, saucy, impertinent

  Marjorie's flippant attitude toward her grandmother's illnesss led to a bitter family argument.

  simian:

  of or like a monkey or an ape

  Ira's long arms and body posture gave him a simian appearance.

  biennial:

  happening every two years

  a biennial plant lasts two years, producing flowers and seeds the second year.

  aficionada:

  a fan; devotee

  When I was an aficionado of baseball, I knew every player's batting average.

  iridescent:

  displaying lustrous colors like those of the rainbow

  The fashion shwo featured an iridescent display of color in the most modern styles.

  limbo:

  a state of neglect; an intermediate place

  Hal's application to Yale was in limbo because it was incomplete.

  liaison:

  a similar connection between the units of any organization

  The elected sophomore served as a liason between the council and his class.

  avariciou:

  excessively greedy

  The avaricious broker was prosecuted by the attorney general.

  catharsis:

  the relieving of the emotions by art; the allevation of fears by bringing them to consciousness

  After the emotional catharsis, my psychiatrist felt that I was cured.

  【Week 52】

  alchemy:

  a method of miraculous change of one thing into another

  Through some incredible alchemy, the ugly frog was changed into a handsome prince.

  awry:

  twisted toward one side

  With her clothing awry, Adelaide was humiliated.

  conclave:

  a private or secret meeting; an assembly or gathering, especially on ewith authority, power, and influence

  At the annual conclave, the delegates proposed a sweeping revision of the charter.

  junket:

  a party, banquet, or outing; a trip taken by an official and paid for with public funds

  The opening gun of the campaign was a junket attended by every aspiring politico in the district.

  obtuse:

  slow to understand; dull

  Her husband's obtuse behavior proved a constatn embarrassment to Lillian.

  extradition:

  turning over a fugitive from one jurisdiction to another

  Armed with the extradition papers, Sheriff Bates flew to Italy.

  lapidary:

  an expert in precious stones

  After the lapidary had washed the mud off the stone, he realized its true value.

  shunt:

  to move or turn to one side; to shift or switch from one track to another

  The surgeon shunted the blood circulation around the heart so that the rupture could be repaired.

  licentious:

  morally unrestrained; lascivious

  Having spent the preceding twenty years of his life in a licentious manner, Clive decided to join a monastery.

  embezzle:

  to steal money that was entrusted to your care

  The treasure of our union tried to embezzle pension funds but he was caught and punished.

  plagiarism:

  passing off someone else's writings of ideas as your own

  We were saddened to learn that Henry was found guilty of plagiarism in the poetry contest.

  dilettante:

  an amateur; lover of fine arts

  His limited knowledge exposed him as a dilettante in the field of fine art.

  eke:

  to supplement; to manage o make a living with difficulty; to use frugally

  The sharecroppers eked out a living by farming a small piece of land.

  immaterial:

  without substance; unimportant

  What seemed to be serious charges turned out to be quite immaterial

  jejune:

  barren; flat; dull

  Sad to say, he took an exciting theme and turned it into a jejune story that put us all to sleep

  misanthropy:

  hatred of or distrust of mankind

  Moral corruption, so rampant in our society, has turned some people into misanthropy, others into reformers.

  gossamer:

  anything delicate, light or insubstantial

  The merry company, the sparkiling conversation, the gossamer trees conspired to make Sharon feel heady and romantic.

  teeming:

  swarming; prolific or fertile

  Doris' mind is always teeming with a thousand projects.

  inscrutable:

  mysterious; completely obscure; unfathomable

  The detective kept the suspects in the dark with his inscrutable expression.

  展开

• 如人饮水，冷暖自知。

  作者：xjl8023_ 发布时间：2022-06-09 13:50:58

  十二岁的莫言，家庭贫苦，帮着父母挣钱。他在水利工地旁劳作之余，因饥饿难耐，偷拔了一根红萝卜。被发现后，被押送到工地并受到批评，回家后也遭受了父母的毒打，记忆深刻。《透明的胡萝卜》便因此而来。小说里的主角——小黑孩，是一个性格孤僻的孤儿，由队长派遣，跟随小石匠去公社做工，与菊子姑娘、小铁匠等人之间发生的故事。在我看来，小说故事情节是由人与人之间产生的不同的情连接起来，或冷或暖，如人饮水，只有自己知道。

  一、压抑的复杂情感

  小说中有一个细节很重要，当刘太阳说要给黑孩调去拉风闸时，黑孩向小石匠和姑娘投向求助的眼神，说明黑孩并不想去拉风闸，是误解还是忽视？之后小石匠和姑娘还是同意了。后来，看到黑孩骨瘦如柴的身躯备受煎熬，小石匠和姑娘又依次来劝说他回去砸石子，这不禁让人产生了巨大的疑惑。拉风闸对于一个十岁孩子来说十分艰难，这是不用想都能知道的，这两个人又要让他去，又要让他回，仿佛在演一个电视连续剧。直到这两人修成正果，“一连十几天，姑娘和小石匠好像把黑孩忘记了，再也不结伴到桥洞里来看望他”，才让读者隐隐约约明白了什么。

  我猜想：一开始，小石匠对黑孩的关心是真，菊子姑娘的善良，对黑孩的关心也是真。但当他们遇到自己的爱情时，不免得有些虚伪起来。因黑孩让他们相遇，之后又处处利用黑孩，以黑孩的各种事情为借口见面，当他们在一起之后，似乎忘却了黑孩，沉浸在自己的爱情世界之中。爱情是美好的，他们这样做也是正常之举。但他们接触的是黑孩，一个从小失去母爱，被父亲抛弃，整天遭后母暴打的孤儿，一个无比缺少关心与爱的十岁小男孩。他们做到了给他关心，给他爱，却没有做到善始善终，到最后只想到了他们自己，给了黑孩希望，却又让这希望之火慢慢熄灭，拥有的不过极其短暂的温暖，最终陪伴他的还是永久的寒凉。

  二、暗示的象征含义

  “透明的红萝卜”暗示着很多象征意义，其中最具积极社会意义的便是“希望”。在小说接近结束的时候，黑孩不愿放弃这“希望”，不断去寻找，拔了一半的萝卜园，重复着拔，举，看，扔，还以“包住屁股的大褂子”和“崭新的回力球鞋”面世大家，但最终还是被无情的无产阶级文化大革命思想所阻碍。结局是开放式的，但呈现给读者的是一个悲剧，至于最后老头子是否愿意拯救他，或者他是否愿意被拯救，一切看读者的心境，如人饮水，冷暖自知。

  展开