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• 从零做小红书，3个月3万粉，变现40万，吕白做对了什么？

  作者：一个梁板凳 发布时间：2022-05-05 13:19:15

  牛顿说：“我之所以能够取得今天的成就，那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。”今天我们来谈，如何站在吕白的高度上，打造爆款小红书，成就个人品牌。

  《爆款小红书：从零到百万粉丝的玩赚策略》它的作者是畅销书作家吕白，曾经主流媒体的内容营销总监，写过《极简学理财》、《从零开始做内容》、《十倍速成长》、《人人都能做出爆款短视频》等书籍。

  我们不得不佩服吕白在新媒体的深耕，他的刻意练习和底层逻辑，让他收获巨大回报，成为95后熠熠生辉的新星，2021年福布斯中国30 Under30s的富豪榜荣誉。

  我看过吕白的几本书，这本《爆款小红书》依然干货满满，主要讲述了吕白如何从零开始做小红书，把自己做小红书的经验提炼成方法论，浓缩为这本书。

  接下来我会重点讲述做小红书的底层逻辑及做小红书全流程中对底层逻辑的践行。

  

  吕白在书中写了小红书的底层逻辑，其实有三点：01爆款选题 02以量取胜03价值共生。

  01爆款选题

  关于爆款选题，我们都知道，“小红书爆款都是重复的”，“新媒体爆款都是重复的”。互联网是有记忆的，人性也都是有共性的。所以，吕白说：“所有的创意，都是记忆的累积”。

  那我们知道自己的选题一定要是爆款选题，才更有可能成为爆款。有了选题，怎么操作？

  吕白告诉我们，爆款选题先学会寻找，再去模仿创新。

  我简单举个例子，如果你是个美食博主，搜索“XX（某地）美食”，看到排名靠前的笔记有什么共性，从首图的色调、拍摄风格、标题、文案、等去拆解。爆款不止好吃还要好看。

  要想做爆款小红书笔记，先要通过搜索功能，去找到爆款、拆解爆款、分析爆款，看过足够多的爆款内容，形成爆款的感觉，这样有助于在爆款的基础上，生产出属于自己的爆款内容。

  如果想进一步生产爆款，那就去研究人性。爆款的底层逻辑是人性，可以入手一些营销类、心理学、社会心理学等书籍，先给别人想要的，才能得到你想要的东西。

  总之，做好小红书第一步是找准爆款选题，先模仿再创新。第二步是以量取胜。

  

  02以量取胜

  吕白在书中给出了一个100%爆款的公式，即70%和爆款相似*足够多的试验品。

  第一步我们学会了模仿爆款，接下来就是大量的实践。

  为什么小红书粉丝很多的博主都会保持日更或者固定的更新频率？

  原因就在于，足够多的试验品才能产生出更多的爆款。

  很多人没有固定的更新在于没有看到正反馈，也就是坚定做小红书的意义和价值，每天辛苦更新，结果波澜不惊，没有涨粉也没有进步，久而久之，丧失动力。

  如果你也是这样，可以仔细读读这本书，《爆款小红书》从三步定位法、吸睛涨粉四件套、8个模式+4步法+3段式打造爆款标题、推荐机制及发布时间、复盘翻盘、四大变现法宝到小红书创业团队管理，都有精彩的解读+案例的拆解。

  掌握了正确方法，接下来就是持之以恒的行动，把每一次作品都当做学习，无时不刻都在学习和精进，通过量产的累积达到质变。

  总之，做好小红书，掌握秘诀，一定要勤加练习。最后，就是价值共生。

  

  03价值共生

  一个能被广泛关注的自媒体账号必然是有被关注的理由。理由的背后是价值。一个持续产出好内容、有价值内容的账号，大概率是能够拥有很多粉丝。

  这体现了一个朴素简单的道理，小红书账号要解决别人的问题，给别人提供价值。只有这样，才是小红书账号存在的价值所在。

  至于我们要解决什么问题，提供什么价值，落脚点在定位，方法论在搜索拆解后的模仿创新。

  言而总之，小红书账号的打造也是一个小的生态系统，通过爆款选题、以量取胜、价值共生形成一个闭环。

  

  纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。先看看这本书，有了基础认知，就可以开始着手打造自己的小红书账号了。知行合一，才是硬道理。加油！

  我是青颜，关注我，陪你读书看世界。

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• 差强人意

  作者：花榭清风 发布时间：2010-01-07 14:21:32

  在王金发教授编写的《细胞生物学》出版之前，这本书是我国唯一一本新版的细胞生物学科教材。它融合了细胞生物学研究所取得的成果，讲述了各种理论和假说，并介绍了现代细胞生物学的发展和取得的最近进展。应该说，这本书的编写是有跨时代的意义的。当时，它不仅被用作本科教学，甚至硕士研究生入学考试和博士研究生入学考试都以它为重要参考。但是，从教师和学生的反映来看，这本书还有很多不足之处。主要表现在：结构不合理，详略不当，语言艰涩。

  作为一本面向新世纪的课改教材，它应当既介绍该学科发展史上取得的经典理论和成果，也注重介绍该学科的最近发展和未来展望。但是，这本书却过多地注重对于过去的理论的介绍——其中不乏已被证明是错误的理论的讲解，对取得的新发现不是介绍过浅，就是干脆略过，对于学科的发展就更是基本没有提及。作为一本面向本科生、硕士生、博士生三个层次的参考书，这本书更是差强人意。对于本科生来说，它的内容过于艰涩，插图极少，且讲解肤浅，让学生难以理解；对于硕士生和博士生来说，它的内容过于老套，许多东西都已落伍，理论讲解又不详细，还不如查阅文献来得好。因此，从这本书所应具有的作用来讲，它的编写实际上是失败的。

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• Feminist Consciousness in The Mill on the Floss

  作者：Fay Kellum 发布时间：2013-03-15 18:03:00

  大一的时候写的论文，今天随手翻到就扔上来了。

  FEMININE is more often than not used as a negative adjective to describe the fragile feature of women. Even Shakespeare expressed such view through the mouth of Hamlet, ‘fragile, your name is woman.’ Yet is fragile, or sensitive, gentle and emotional, which are often regarded as criticism of the nature of a person, the nature of woman, or is it constructed by the values, norms and institutions of society which is dominated by men? For such a long time, we use tender, slender and gentle to praise a woman for her feminism and morality. They are either regarded as a sacred trophy (such as in Troy), or viewed as a sort of auxiliary to men.

  It is true that physically women are inferior to men on strength, size and energy. However, Hamlet imposed another factor ‘reason’ upon women, as he thought, that women were fragile, for they had no reason. Indeed, Gertrude’s marriage with Claudis was unreasonable, yet she had no initiative on this issue. Therefore, a question can be raised. Is the concept ‘women’ socially constructed or inborn?

  I am not trying to overthrow the traditional view thoroughly, but through analyzing George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss, I expect to make some counter arguments against it.

  One of George Eliot’s masterpieces The Mill on the Floss was published in 1860 when the Victorian Britain was reigned by monarch Queen Victoria and difficulties escalated due to the vision of ‘ideal woman’ shared by the society. They were deprived of their right to vote, sue or own property, and they were evaluated almost solely by their purity and submissiveness. Their education was limited; their roles were bound to the households; they could not give free rein to their thoughts; their essential and only challenge in life was to ingratiate themselves with their husbands. It is almost precise to say that, before 1792’s publication of Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, women voluntarily remained the state of sub-citizen of the society, and few women dared to violate the rule (if there were any, they were sure to perish in their furious struggle). However, Wollstonecraft conspicuously, had not subverted the mainstream of the values of the general public. To most men, they prohibited women to be, or to have the notion to be, superior to him, or rather, their equal.

  Before the industrialization agriculture was the prevailing productive force, it is possible that women were not in advantage, since they made less contribution to the production. However, when machine replaced the manual work, and women could manipulate machines as well as, if not better than men. While men still wanted to continue their domination, the only way they could possibly realize the unjustifiable aim was to overstress the physical weakness of women, expanding it to unreasonability, incapability and doing badly at everything. The first step they took was to prohibit them from entering educational institution.

  Michel Foucault coined the concept ‘power-knowledge’. In his theory, power is based on knowledge and makes use of knowledge; on the other hand, power reproduces knowledge by shaping it in accordance with its anonymous intentions. Knowledge is the basis of power, and women were deprived of the source to gain knowledge. The education was prohibited mainly by the society creating a set of educational norm that did not fit women, and therefore, under the pressure and social prejudice, they were willing to remain ignorant and in the state of subordination.

   

  Maggie Tulliver, although did not think the educational system unfit, was influenced strongly by the social prejudice, as her family prejudiced against her gaining access to education. She is one victim of such education. Her behaviours in childhood forcefully denied the prevailing view that women were incapable of rational or abstract thought and was too susceptible to sensibility and too fragile to be able to think clearly. Quite to the contrary, the child Maggie had a distinctive line of thoughts, and her conversation with Luke accidentally revealed her inborn intelligence and rationalism.

    ‘I think you never read any book but the Bible, did you, Luke?’

    ‘Nay, Miss—an’ not much o’ that,’ said Luke, with great frankness, ‘I’m no reader, I aren’t.’

    ‘But if I lent you one of my books, Luke? I’ve not got any very pretty books that would be easy for you to read; but there’s “Pug’s Tour of Europe”--- that would tell you all about the different sorts of people in the world, and if you didn’t understand the reading, the pictures would help you--- they show the looks and ways of the people and what they do. There are the Dutchmen, very fat, and smoking, you know--- and one sitting on a barrel.’

  Maggie’s speech was logically fluent, and showed her ability to reason. For example, if one did not understand the book, it was easier to get information from the picture; through the book one might derive knowledge and tour the world, etc. Maggie was given the education which taught, or rather, forced her to be gentle, benumbed and dependent. Education differed according to gender. For women, education moulded them into submissive and highly sensitivie creatures eternally depending on men, and their utmost task was to please men. Women were made to fall prey to ‘violent and constant passion’, and were consequently made to think irrationally. There are even some great thinkers of that age, such as Rousseau (he is believed to be a believer in the moral superiority of the patriarchal family on the antique Roman model) staked a claim that women were somewhat incapable to think independently, and they had to largely rely on men. We could also regard Maggie’s gradually falling prey to her sensitivity as the clue of this novel. As women had to be submissive, gentle and fragile, all the distinctive features that had the potential to violate this accepted social regulation even slightly bit would be viewed as reproachful. In the third chapter, Maggie was threatened by Mrs. Tulliver to make her hair curl, and later, when exasperated by all such restrictions, she cut her hair short, in an attempt to triumph over her mother and aunts, but only to be smocked by Tom as ‘the idiot we throw our nutshells to at school’. Lucy, on the other hand, was depicted as a model for Maggie, for she was gentle in behaviour and obedient to her superior, or in other words, accepted her situation willingly. She had curly hair, which was the butt for her mother and aunt to reproach Maggie. Even though Maggie herself, as a young child, might not be aware of this, yet no doubt, she had strong consciousness of feminism. She constantly regarded herself as an equal to Tom, so that when Mr. Riley and Mr. Tulliver were discussing about providing Tom education, she was eager as well to be educated, even though her request was scoffed and looked down upon by the adults. In her subconsciousness, she realised that reading was somewhat a privilege to the superior, and she was born fond of reading books and brainy. To her, reading was the utmost entertainment. She eagerly informed Luke of her knowledge while they were out on the Floss, offering her book ‘Pug’s Tour of Europe’ and ‘Animated Nature’. It was the feminism consciousness which lay in her subconsciousness which made her collapse every time she was despised by Tom or other adults, or when she felt being looked down upon. She craved for education, equality and friendship. Moreover, she gradually came to realise that she was, in fact, unequal to her less intelligent brother, because of incessant frustration from endless criticism. Her pride and sense of feminism was hurt every time she was reprimanded.

   

  For a long time, I agree with Marixst feminism’s point of view that private property, which gives rise to economic inequality, dependence, political oppresion and ultimately unhealthy social relations between men and women, is the root of women's oppression in the current social context. I do not believe that women are inborn more sensitive, fragile and incapable than men, just as the child Maggie reflected, she was endowed with brightness, but it was the society that shaped the women to be feminine, since without private property, they had to rely on men for financial income, and in order to attract a man of higher social rank, she had to be morbidly graceful and vulnerable so as to arouse men’s sexual desire. Tom’s superiority to Maggie arose to a higher stage when he started to help his father pay off the family’s debt. Since women were prohibited from working places, the gulf between the brother and sister deepened.

  In The Mill on the Floss, Maggie’s feminist consciousness is divided into three stages. The first stage is strong, when Maggie was still a child, uninformed of the social prejudice and discrimination on women. She followed her nature and crazed for books and knowledge.

  Maggie’s failed attempt to run away from home connoted that women in that period would never succeed in breaking the shackles of the socially accepted regulations. The metaphor which Eliot applied to is the gypsy queen, a symbol used in romantic poetry and painting, standing for an escape from the zero-sum game of Victorian social codes. Maggie craved for freedom, education and happiness, and desired to break the shackles of the Victorian codes bound on her, yet her incapability to escape from the reality incarnated the helplessness of all the women who, with dream of gaining freedom and independence, had to recede to the reality and accept their social roles. This chapter, entitled ‘Maggie Tries to Run Away from Her Shadow’, indicatively expressed the author’s attitude, that is, women’s world was overcast by shadow.

   

  The first book came to an end with Maggie’s failure to escape from all such restrictions. The second book commenced with Tom receiving education along with Phillip Wakem from Mr. Stelling. Phillip Wakem here was a contrast to Tom,who was a character supporting absolute masculinism and showing disregard to women, including her sister’s intelligence. Phillip here was sort of androgynous. His handicapped back prevented him from being physically strong and dominant as Tom, nor could he concede to fragility, as his identity of being male reminded him that he was supposed to be powerful. He acted a positive role in Maggie’s life, but was often scoffed by Tom, the masculine principle personified.

   

  Yet in the first half of the second book, Maggie’s desire for knowledge and her feminism consciousness had not extinguished yet. Her every visit to Tom revealed that she was capable of learning, and was fitter for education than Tom. During Maggie’s first visit to Mr. Stelling, while Tom was entangled in the mess of Euclid and Latin, Maggie, for the first time, offered patronising consolation on Tom. At this moment, Maggie had absolute superiority to Tom in her knowledge as she excelled in Latin and her intelligence to learn Latin enabled her to master Euclid if given a chance .Yet even thus, Tom still had not cast away his air of patriarchy.

  ‘I’ll help you now, Tom,’ said Maggie, with a little air of patronising consolation. ‘I’m come to stay ever so long, if Mrs. Stelling asks me. I’ve brought my box and my pinafores, haven’t I, father?’

  ‘You help me, you silly little thing!’ said Tom, in such high spirits at this announcement, that he quite enjoyed the idea of confounding Maggie by showing her a page of Euclid. ‘I should like to see you doing one of my lessons! Why, I learn Latin too! Girls never learn such things. They’re too silly.’

  ‘I know what Latin is very well,’ said Maggie, confidently, ‘Latin’s a language. There are Latin words in the Dictionary. There’s bonus, a gift.’

  ‘Now you’re just wrong there, Miss Maggie!’ said Tom, secretly astonished. ‘You think you’re very wise! But “bonus” means “good”, as it happens---bonus, bona, bonum.’

    

  The unabridged version of The Mill on the Floss had the three words ‘I’ll’, ‘you’ and ‘my’ marked in italics. When Maggie put her emphasis on ‘I’ll’, she obviously felt a sense of triumph and dominance, as she herself thought that it was a moment when she could hold dominance onto her brother. She had not grown out of her purity yet, and the sense of feminism consciousness was still upon her. Moreover, by reasoning the meaning of ‘bonus’, Maggie showed strong rationality. In the dialogue following what I have quoted, Maggie analysed the deeper meaning of ‘lawn’, and won a smocking-like praise from Mr. Tulliver, which aroused Tom’s disgust, as he always showed disgust on Maggie’s knowingness. As for Tom, through his ‘secretly astonished’ feeling, we could easily conclude that in his innermost he unwillingly admitted that Maggie’s intelligence had far exceeded him. Her intelligence was commented as ‘showing her cleverness to appreciating strangers’ Her trying to correct Tom’s Latin was regarded as ‘chatter’ or ‘any donkey can do that’.

  The story proceeded to Maggie’s first encounter with Phillip. This chapter revealed the inborn ability to reason in Maggie. Tom’s prejudice against Phillip was rooted in the hatred between Mr. Tulliver and the lawyer Wakem, and he followed the rule ‘like father, like son’, and defined Phillip as a rogue without observing him objectively. Quite to the contrary Maggie seemed to have more reason, as the dialogue between she and Tom formed sharp contrast in their reasonableness.

    ‘I think Phillip Wakem seems a nice boy, Tom,’ she said, when they were out of the study together into the garden, to pass the interval before dinner. ‘He couldn’t choose his father, you know, and I’ve read of very few bad men who had good sons, as well as good parents who had had children. And if Phillip is good, I think we ought to be the more sorry for him because his father is not a good man. You like him, don’t you?’

    ‘O, he’s a queer fellow,’ said Tom curtly, ‘and he’s as sulky as can be with me, because I told him his father was a rogue. And I’d a right to tell him so, for it was true--- and he began it, with calling me names. But you can stop here by yourself a bit, Magsie, will you?’

    

  Tom was lack of judgement, and it was somewhat a kind of defect of men, that they overstressed the notion of hatred between families. Julie committed suicide to follow Romeo to the heaven, because both of them had the ability to reason, and to judge a person according to his or her quality, character and personality, instead of blindly following the opinions of the elders. Yet here Tom was different. Blinded by the hatred and jealousy in the adult’s world, Tom mistook this action as being responsible and just. He thought himself as an adult, by hating the same person his father hated, yet what he did not know that by his blind imitation, he would cause more trouble than he anticipated.

   

  In her later close contact with Phillip when Tom had his foot hurt, she revealed a sense of sensitivity, since Phillip was a poor boy with deformity. She tried her best to avoid mentioning deformity, even though once she accidentally let ‘I should be so sorry for you’ slip out of her mouth.

  The first volume ended by Tom returning home for Mr. Tulliver’s mishap. On the whole, what the first volume revealed was Maggie’s advantage over Tom on both academics and social relations. Maggie was thirst for knowledge, equipped with sense and intelligence, possessed with a strong sense of rebellion and also with a touch of sentimentality, which enabled her to communicate more smoothly. Maggie bore blame; she had been blamed all her life, and nothing had come of it but evil tempers. Yet in the volume following, the advantage was gradually nipped by all kinds of prejudice and restriction.

  The second volume commenced with the bankruptcy and illness of Mr. Tulliver and the uprising hatred between the Tullivers and the lawyer Wakem. The beginning chapter was replete with the blame on Maggie. Here came the second stage of Maggie’s feminist consciousness, which gradually became weaker and she somewhat conceded by Tom’s brutal oppression and Mr. Tulliver’s indifference.

  This is a typical demonstration of what Simone de Beauvoir mainly argued in her book The Second Sex, that men had made women the "Other" in society by putting a false aura of "mystery" around them, and that men used this as an excuse not to understand women or their problems and not to help them. One is not born a woman, but becomes one. We may also find corresponding idea in Wollstonecraft’s assertation that ‘women are told from their infancy, and taught by the example of their mother, that a little knowledge of human weakness, just termed cunning, softnessof temper, outward obedience, and a scrupulous attention to a puerile kind of propriety, will obtain for them the protection of man’. Women’s mind was shaped from the infancy, and they were not born with the notion ‘dependence’ or ‘need to be protected’. That is how the two words ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ were coined. Although they refer to the same object, yet they stress different aspects. Sex is biological, while gender is social.

  Tom’s failure to get a position from Mr. Deane reflected his poor capacity and performance. When he returned from Mr. Deane, he was met with Maggie’s amiable joke that if someone had taught her book-keeping she could teach Tom. Yet with the sense of masculinity preoccupied, this joke was not to be accepted. He retorted harsh words by blaming her ‘always sitting yourself up above me and everyone else’ and ‘I can judege much better than you can’. Tom is the typical man in the Victorian society when the country had just been industrialized. Before machine replaced manual labour, man had absolute advantages physically.

  The agriculture and farm work were completed mostly by men. However, when manual labour no longer remained the main source for production, such absolute domination was erased and gradually vanished. Men, in desire for remaining absolute domination over women, degraded women to the greatest extent, by emphasizing their physical weakness, from which extended to their inability to reason and to think, and that it was impossible for them to acquire all kinds of knowledge. That is why Mr. Stelling commented that girls ‘can pick up a little of everything’, but ‘they’ve a great deal of superficial cleverness, but they couldn’t go far into everything. They are quick and shallow’. In this way, what Maggie had been taken pride in (quickness) was a sort of defect, and ‘it would be better to be slow like Tom’. However, if Tom were a girl, then he would also be blamed for his clumsiness. In conclusion, in that era, all the qualities, including defects which are possessed in boys were all something worth praising.

  Under constant surveillance of the elders and the restriction of the traditional concepts of women, the grown-up Maggie shifted to an ordinary woman, concealing her intelligence and conceding to the social suppression. She gave way to the constant surveillance. Perpetual surveillance is internalized by individuals to produce the kind of self-awareness that defines the modern subject. In the period when Maggie was able to talk, she was incessantly told that her brother Tom would go to school, while she had to keep gentle, keep her hair curly and do the chores which are supposed to be girls’ job. In her childhood, she was thirst for the world of knowledge while Tom was annoyed and impatient with the world of Latin and Euclid. She possessed with the sense to understand the world, to share the mishaps and sorrows with her male family members, yet she was forced to shut out from all those. Having sensed all those, she could appeal to no one but tears, wishing that she had been taught ‘real learning and wisdom, such as great men knew’.

  In the beginning of Book Fifth, Maggie and Phillip Wakem met again, after a sequence of conflicts between families and alterations on both of the two youngsters. By then Maggie confessed that she had given up ‘thinking about what is easy and pleasant’ and ‘being discontented because I couldn’t have my own will’, which startled Phillip a bit, for in his eyes, nothing would ever change one’s nature, and he never doubted she would be the same. Yet in this chapter, Maggie’s shift from her innocence to twisted maturity was revealed by her refusal of Phillip’s book. Her reason given was thus, ‘it would make me in love with this world again, as I used to be—it would make me long to see and know many things--- it would make me long for a full life.’ Poetry and art and knowledge are sacred indeed, but of course, not for women of those times. For those women as Maggie, the thirst for knowledge must be extinguished, instead of quenched. Just as Wollstonecraft had stated, ‘strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience; but, as blind obedience is ever sought for by power, tyrants and sensualists are in the right whenthey endeavour to keep women in the dark, because the former only want slaves, and the latter a plaything’. For men, women acted as two roles, slaves and plaything, and for the latter, the plaything must be available in sexual functions. Maggie was the sort of woman that was forced to be kept in the dark, groping her way, at first trying to figure out what had happened in the family and between her father and Mr. Wakem; Maggie’s life was destined to be a series of blind obedience. She obeyed her father blindly by rejecting book, knowledge and joy of the world. She had struggled, of course, yet she conceded. She in the following blindedly followed the tyrannical Tom’s order that she must stay away from Phillip, and in this way her sole encouragement was driven away. Yet, according to what Phillip had told Maggie, such resignation, or rather, stupefaction, would not bring joy and peace, which were what Maggie had been seeking for by shutting herself away from the world. She had been tired of the endless struggle with her brother and father, and had chosen a life seemingly joyful and peaceful. Her nature would never acquiesce that. What she was doing was stupefaction, to be more plainly, self-cheating. Such cheating would bring more pain to her. Yet within such a sequence of blind obedience, her sense had not yet perished. Later her refutation to Tom on Phillip Wakem demonstrated that.

  Here Phillip acts a sort of androgynous role. For one thing, he was a man, having chance to get systematic education together with Tom, seeing the world, gaining knowledge and knowing the world. Compared with Maggie, if they were both male, then Phillip was in an inferior state, because of his disability. Maggie started to grow fond of Phillip, because, to some extent, she saw some reflection, and also some of her expectation on herself, on him. Phillip had a feminine sympathetic, while he was talking with Maggie in the Red Deeps. He was sentimental enough to cognize the world, to share others’ feelings, and especially, to see more openly on women’s education and development. It was rare, for a man, to advise a woman to read more, to know and enjoy the world, and to appreciate life. Phiilip, though having disability and not being so masculine as Tom, was being educated. Maggie was longing for such education, and thus she looked up to Phillip, regarding him both as her soul mate and an approachable idol.

  Their secret meeting went on for a year, during which under Phillip’s constant encouragement, Maggie picked up reading again, enjoying a few happy moments. It was obvious, that only books would cheer Maggie up, and fulfill Maggie’s world. Yet in the book, their relationship ended by Phillip confessing to Maggie his love, Maggie accepting it indirectly. All these were discovered by Tom, eventually, and he insisted on Maggie leading him to where Phillip Wakem was. In this scene Maggie might be the first time brave enough to stand up to Tom that he had been ‘reproaching people all his life’, always sure that he himself was right, and this is directly reflected in Tom’s refutation that Maggie was showing her affection to father by merely disobeying and deceiving him. Maggie had realized that all her struggle was in vain. After all, her fate was controlled by anybody but herself.

  Yet in here Maggie’s sense still remained. As a woman who could be permitted to do nothing, she roared vehemently but helplessly to Tom, ‘So I will submit to what I acknowledge and feel to be right. I will submit even to what is unreasonable from my father, but I will not submit to it from you. You boast of your virtues as if they purchased you a right to be cruel and unmanly as you’ve been today.’ All the reading and her thirst for knowledge did not quit her entirely, but built up a strong sense of right and wrong in her mind. That may be what knowledge can offer women, and that is possibly why for a long time women were banned from schools, for educated women would bring their blind obedience to an end. Was we not heart striken, when we found a gifted and lovable Maggie Tulliver repressing her anger and creativity to develop a neurotic and self-destructive personality?

  Now we come to the last volume of the novel, and in the last volume, Maggie’s feminist consciousness had come to the last stage. The consciousness was eliminated from appearance. Even though there were conflicts every now and then, she conceded to her fate and started to obey. That is how come when Elaine Showalter compared Jane Eyre with The Mill on the Floss, she commented, ‘Bronte’s Jane Eyre is the heroine of fulfillment; Eliot’s Maggie Tulliver is the heroine of reununciation’ .

  The last volume began with Maggie introduced to her cousin Lucy’s boyfriend Stephen Guest. Maggie fell into deep thinking when Lucy offered her the Sketch Book. The lapse of time had altered everything. Rush of memories surged into Maggie’s mind as her eyes fell upon the sunshine on the rich clumps of spring flowers, such as Tom’s brotherly friendliness; she was also hit by what she was now, distasteful days, intense and varied life she once yearned for, her future even worse than her past and all those years’ contented renunciation. Maggie’s first encounter with Stephen Guest alarmed Lucy a little, for beforehand she had never been awared of Maggie’s renunciation all those years. The old Maggie must appear to be too ‘odd and clever’ to please. Yet it also revealed the fact that Maggie had not been used to the society, where people spoke from the lips merely, and therefore she was infuriated by compliments, which appeared absurd to the experienced ladies and also made Maggie feel ashamed of herself. Having given up the life she yearned, nor could she get used to lives of ordinary ladies, which is also a cause for her tragedy in the end.

  Phillip Wakem’s name was mentioned again by Lucy, as he was a good friend of hers. Maggie, encouraged by Lucy and out of her own initiative, went for permission from Tom, since she had promised him not to see him without telling him. As Phillip met her, she told her that she wished she could make a world outside love as men did, since she derived no happiness from it. When she was a child, she also wished to create a new world as men did, but that was to live independently and knowledgeably, and now she returned to her old thought in a new form. Wishing to create a world outside love was only an escape from pain, from reality and from submissiveness. Viewing Maggie’s life on a whole, to a great extent, she had been living for Tom’s love. She would sacrifice anything of her own personality in order not to be rejectd by Tom. When Lucy asked her not to go away and be apart from Phillip, she refused the forthcoming happiness by saying that Tom asserted she could only marry Phillip on the condition of giving him up. In this way, she appeared to be self-doubting and unassertive all the time, because we know that in fact Tom had never brought Maggie genuine happiness and use.

  I say that Maggie has developed a neurotic and self-destructive personality, because she is perversely drawn to destroy all her opportunities for renewal, such as refusing Dr. Kenn’s offer to be a permanent parishioner in another town, her endless plea for Tom’s forgiveness, simply waiting for others to validate her existence, etc. Her personality, now, could best be described by quoting ‘the souls by nature pitched too high, by suffering plunged too low’ .

  Although many critics regard Maggie's entanglement with Stephen Guest as a discordance, discrepancy, and a significant failure in Eliot’s work, yet it was an indispensable part in the ending. Maggie moved to live with Lucy and Lucy’s betrothed Stephen fel for Maggie, which seemed natural by reason. After a struggling night with Stephen, Maggie refused him and got away. Yet she was thrown into an abyss of anguish when she eventually managed to return from the grasp of Stephen Guest, while what confronted her was Tom’s icy response and the disgrace she had brought to St. Ogg’s. Having been cruelly driven away by the furious Tom, Maggie plunged into a surge of agony. She agonized, not for her notoriety in the village, but again, for she had disgraced Tom. Her emotional attachment with Tom was reinforced, instead of diminished, by Tom’s endless criticism and oppression.

  The ending was dramatic, and for a long time, it had been commented on by critics. Personally I was hit upon by Tom’s utterance ‘Magsie’ and ‘it’s coming, Maggie’. All their grudes, misunderstanding and conflicts for so many years were drowned in the flood along with their human bodies. I deem Tom’s sudden emotion as the denouncement of his conscience. Yet such denouncement was incompatible with the social background. The drowning of the brother and sister was not designed by the author; it was developed naturally. That is to say, only Tom’s former attitude would survive the society. When Tom and Maggie reunited, Tom accepted Maggie, yet Maggie was not to a woman to be accepted. Her intelligence, her disobedience and her struggle were all against the social trend. Dying together unable to fit the secular world, may them find peace and joy in the paradise.

  There could be another explanation of Maggie’s drowning. In the medieval times, women were thrown into water to test whether they were witches. Those that drowned were regarded as innocent. Eliot applied to such a tale to illustrate that Maggie was innocent; intelligent women were innocent; in fact all women were innocent yet fell into the trap of the society. She paid homage to those victims. Those women who were with feminist consciousness were incompatible to the society, and their characteristics were annihilated by the oppression wrapped them.

  This work created in 1860 was full of feminist consciousness, whether explicitly or implicitly. Throughout the novel, Maggie’s feminist consciousness existed, in the former part explicit, trying to break the shackles of the Victorian Age; in the latter part, such consciousness was hidden until it became subconsciousness. After the work was published, a lot of feminists hated Geroge Eliot. For one thing, Eliot was a success produced in the Victorian Age, but in almost all her works (The Mill on the Floss was arguably the most autobiographic novel), she wrote about how women like she herself failed in their struggle. In this way she denied such struggle, meanwhile she succeeded and benefited through it.

   Dated back to 1792 when Mary Wollstonecraft first called upon women’s rationality, her radical thoughts were too ahead of the development of human consciousness and the society, so that her theories failed to break the shackles that cuffed the women to their households. Mary’s own scandals offset her achievements. It was almost the end of the 19th century when her theories rose to the surface and caught the eyes of the radical feminists. Between the shadowy period, numerous intelligent women became victims, either choosing renunciation or being persecuted by fate. Apart from Maggie, Sue Bridehead ( the heroine in Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure) was a typical example too.

  The Victorian Age was complicated. Because of the struggle of all kinds of people, many outstanding literary works were created. War promoted the development of technology; struggle reinforced the production of novels. I would like to end this dissertation by a poem by Emily Dickenson, ‘they shut me up in prose’.

          

  As when a little Girl

  They put me in the Closet --

  Because they liked me "still" --

  Still! Could themself have peeped --

  And seen my Brain -- go round --

  They might as wise have lodged a Bird

  For Treason -- in the Pound --

  Himself has but to will

  And easy as a Star

  Abolish his Captivity --

  And laugh -- No more have I --

  References:

  [1]Deborah L. Madsen Feminist Theory and Literary Practice (Foreign Language Teaching and Rsearch Press, Pluto Press, 2006)

  [2]Elaine Showalter A Literature of Their Own: From British Women Novelists from Bronte to Lessing (Foreign Languge Teaching and Research Press , Princeton University Press, 2004)

  [3]Elizabeth Ermarth Maggie’s Long Suicide ( Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 14, No. 4, Nineteenth Century (Autumn, 1974), pp. 587-601)

  [4] Geroge Eliot The Mill on the Floss (The Commercial Press, Beijing, 1995)

  [5] George Eliot: Her Life and Books (London, 1947)

  [6]Maragaret Walters Feminism: A Very Short Introduction (Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press, 2008)

  [7]Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of Rights of Woman (Dover Publications, Inc, 1996.7)

  [8] Raman Selden, Peter Widdowson, Peter Brooker, A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory (Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004. 5)

  [9] Thomas Pinney Essays of George Eliot (New York, 1963)

  [10] The George Eliot Letters, ed. G. S. Haight (New Haven, 1955)

  [11]Virginia Woolf George Eliot (First published in The Times Literary Supplement, 20 November 1919)

     

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• 合格与不合格丨忏悔向编辑短记丨文末更新折纸勘误

  作者：单同学 发布时间：2021-09-08 05:25:04

  写这篇文章，半是为了邀功，半是为了忏悔。中途又想到，作为编辑手记，再怎么有目的性，也总得介绍一下这套书的看点或是立意。但我怎么想也想不出。

  要说这套书的核心，就是一句话：“为什么每天回家都会看到我的老婆在装死？”可我不妨现在就告诉各位，大家很可能读到最后，也找不到这个问题的满意答案。

  自2010年老婆开始装死、老公开始在意的那一天起，到2013年第三册成书、老公就这一问题给出答案止，两人三年间兜兜转转，却还是转回了最初的起点。

  但想到这里，我又突然觉得，或许这就是这套书想表达的真意。

  如果夫妻间的感情，真能几年如一日般地一成不变，那不就说明他们这几年间或许随意或许荒诞的努力是有意义的吗？

  这套书，并不是讲述婚姻维系之法的实用书；也不仅仅是展现这对夫妻情感和睦、日常温馨的故事书；而是一套创意类书籍。

  它会告诉你，当你觉得你的婚姻（或恋爱）走向不合格之时，不必苦恼，其实有这么多有趣的点子，可以帮你劳逸结合地发现这段感情的合格之处。

  “跑题”就跑到这里，接下来讲讲这套书制作中的合格与不合格。

  首先，唐旭唐师傅的封面设计，是远在合格之上的优秀。

  在译文的幽默感上，我们与译者也努力做到了合格之中的及格。

  赠品设计上，我倒是想给原创设计的自己一个赞，但看到实物图那惨不忍睹的配色效果，以及我为了做这个东西耽搁的出版进度，平均下来也就算合格吧。

  不合格之处则主要在于一点，就是内文排版。

  常看漫画的读者会发现，一般漫画对话框内的文字，即便没有标点也会有意根据语感来换行。这样虽然每行长短不一，但可以保证阅读的顺畅。可这套书是我第一次做漫画，我完全没意识到需要自己主动标注并叮嘱排版进行换行。这导致最终的成品，我们每个对话框中的话都被看作一个段落，进行了连拍。这虽然不属于编校上的硬伤，但确实会造成阅读时语感的不连贯。而当我发现这一问题时，这套书的出版进度已经落后太久，我又即将离职，于是只能选择将手头还没定稿的《凪的新生活》换行问题从头改过，这套则听天由命了。

  光是换行这一点，就让我对这套书充满了歉疚。

  我从入职第二年，这套书还在别的中方出版公司手上时就开始盯着它。直到后来那家出版公司没渠道做漫画，解约释放了版权，我才把它盼到自己手里。

  可越是喜欢的书，我似乎就越容易搞砸。第一次约插画稿做封面的，我最喜欢的《死亡护理师》被我搞砸了；这套书作为我第一次做的漫画，也被我搞砸了。

  以至于这套书临出版前，我不惜延后出版也要熬夜搞的赠品制作，像是成了一种固执的弥补。

  在此请容许我引用一次书中老婆的固执来为自己开脱：

  （哪怕失败了）“只要还没放弃（继续胡搞）就不算失败。”

  

  赠品折纸勘误：

  1.折纸Ⅱ，背面，老婆双侧手臂，粘贴标识“C”的位置有误。应向上移至带对勾的“C”处。感谢@汐和 的指正，修改如下图：

  

  2.折纸Ⅱ，正面，老婆左腿，粘贴标识“B”和“C”的位置有误，应对调。感谢@昙初 的指正，修改如下图：

  

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• 做完这本书，我的同事们纷纷跑去买保险了

  作者：寒凌旭 发布时间：2018-10-30 17:23:20

  这绝对是我的同事们争相担任复审的一本书稿，因为她们都意识到了保险的重要性，想要明明白白地买保险。毕竟关于保险，我们以前的误解太多了。——题记

  来，让我们先打破误解

  今天中午我妈还说起她某位“不靠谱”的老友，“你小学时她还忽悠我给你买保险，买了一年多就退了。”如果我没有做这本书，我大概会随便附和两句。然而作为《你的第一本保险指南》的策划，我说的是

  妈你还记得具体买的是什么保险吗？是给儿童的定期寿险、意外险还是类似于储蓄教育基金一样的保险？退保的时候具体退了多少钱啊？

  如果此时的我能够穿越回去，就完全可以应付那位“忽悠”阿姨，也可以帮我妈买到最合适的保险了。

  从小时候朦朦胧胧形成“保险不靠谱”“保险都是骗人的”的印象，到如今每次看到引发危机感的网络热帖、越发意识到保险的重要性。终于，在年前读到刷爆朋友圈的《流感下的北京中年》后，我想，是时候做一本写给每一个普通人的保险指南了。每一个对此前对保险一无所知或者只有懵懂印象的普通人，在读完这本书之后，无论面对怎样的的保险代理人，都能再也不怕上当受骗。

  那么问题来了，作为普通人的我，需要的这本关于保险的科普指南应该怎么写呢？

  我们需要先破除一些关于保险的误解，正确地认识这个行业，了解它的“门道”，然后我需要了解很多问题——购买前需要做什么准备，大概有哪几类保险产品，哪一款保险产品才是适合我的，理赔流程是怎样的，有什么注意事项，对了对了，朋友圈里很多人去香港买保险，到底值不值啊，我是不是也该去香港买保险呢……

  除了想知道这些问题的答案外，我还希望它轻松好读，不能是枯燥的，它应该有丰富的案例和图表，如果还有选购产品速查表一类的指南，就再好不过了。

  超级实用的“编辑部之光”

  很幸运我找到了槽叔，资深保险从业者的他写文章不摆架子，生动易读，是创作这么一本关于保险的科普指南的理想作者。我们关于这个选题一拍即合，对于全书的逻辑框架也毫不费力地达成了共识。经过大半年的打磨，我们想做给每一位普通消费者的保险指南，终于和读者见面了。其间经历了种种反复的沟通、编辑、修订，书的整体装帧设计、漫画和折页等也历经修改。令人欣慰的是，它圆满地完成了策划时我们希望的所有目标。

  此前犹豫着买保险的同事们纷纷表示——超级实用！它简直可以说是大家争相“抢鲜看”的编辑部之光。以前市面上的保险类书籍几乎都是写给业务员的，充斥着普通人望而生畏的专有名词。而我的同事们喜欢的，在于它丰富的案例和幽默的语言。

  值得一提的是，槽叔贴心地在书中贡献出了他原创的“麦当劳分析法”，这是他本人为全家人配置保险的私藏秘籍。保险产品说复杂复杂，捋清楚了倒也简单。槽叔告诉我们：“选择保险计划就和在麦当劳点餐一样简单。”

  面临琳琅满目的保险产品，你记住简单的“三步走”就可以了。

  第1步：理清你的需求；

  第2步：找出你的需求所对应的责任；

  第3步：根据责任找出对应的保险产品。

  这就像我们在麦当劳点餐一样。我给孩子点了一份鱼肉汉堡，是因为鱼肉富含蛋白质，对孩子的健康成长有好处。保险选购同理。以下是“麦当劳分析法”运用的活案例——

  我的同事Y老师在读完书稿后立刻选购了一款保额50万元、保至60岁的定期寿险。接受采访的Y老师说

  我的需求是万一我挂了给爸妈留一笔钱，满足这个需求的责任有疾病身故责任和意外身故责任，定期寿险包括这两项责任。选择50万元的保额是因为槽叔提到一线城市工作的话至少50万元保额，同时也考虑到每年保费在自己的预算范围内。当然意外险也包含意外导致的身故责任，但是咱们社已经为大家购买了意外险，我就暂时不自己买啦。

  听完Y老师细致有理的分析，身为编辑简直要流下激动的泪水了，能够切实地帮助读者，这不正是出版人所追求的社会效益嘛！

  彩蛋

  作为一个抠门的编辑，我甚至为它选择了更贵的双色印刷，还在正文中做了种种特设和提示突出，都是希望它能够更易读，更有趣。单色如教科书一般的保险书市面上实在太多了，但那太沉闷了，行文和版式都不符合我们普通人的喜好。

  于是，就是它啦。这是一本可爱的、为你而做的小书。

  希望和我一样对生活有些焦虑想要守护家人的你，能够捧起来读到它。如果有那么一点儿帮助，也许就会在想不到的时刻带来实实在在的慰藉。

  最后，身为大概是目前国内阅读这本书次数最多的人，送5条简短有用的tips给你。

  1.

  如果你是家里的顶梁柱，一定要记得给自己配置充分的保障，重疾险和意外险必不可少。而在一年期的短期产品和长期保险产品之间，还是选择长期险比较好——短期险会随着你年龄的增长越来越贵的！

  2.

  一定要问清楚你所在的公司为员工购买了哪些团体保险，搞清楚保额。在跳槽时，也不妨把团险作为考量公司靠谱程度的重要指标之一。

  3.

  准备去香港购买保险之前，一定要问清楚相关政策，衡量自己的金钱和时间成本，做好预算和风险评估。

  4.

  外出旅行，一定要买一份意外险——尤其是出境游。人生地不熟的时候万一遇到意外，保险还是非常有用的！

  5.

  在给孩子购置任何商业医疗保险之前，一定要办理当地的少儿医保，用好政府给予的这项福利。

  还想了解更多的话，就请阅读《你的第一本保险指南》吧！

  让我们告别焦虑，保障美好生活。

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